Non Communicable Diseases
Today I just want to discuss with you about few non-communicable diseases in India. This is the first time for me I’m going to write any blog publicly on Non-communicable Diseases(NCD).
As we know, Non-communicable diseases (NCD) continue to be important public health problems in India, being responsible for sizeable mortality and morbidity. A non-communicable disease(NCD), is a disease which is non-infectious. NCDs are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. They include Cancer, CVD(Cardiovascular Dseases, Stroke, Asthma, Dibetes,Chronic Kidney Disease,Osteoporosis, Alzheimer's, Catracts and more. Ageing population allows manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and mental disorders which also result in high prevalence of chronic disability.
Among all these non-communicable diseases following diseases (discussed below) are very dangerous for us so please be careful:
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES(CVD)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accounted for 63 per cent of all deaths and India contributed to 17 per cent to the worldwide mortality. Several surveys conducted across the country over the past two decades have shown a rising prevalence of major risk factors for CVD in urban and rural populations. These surveys are limited by their generalisability to other parts of the country, and more was required to roll out of an action plan. There was lack of an organized national system for monitoring these risk factors over time so as to inform policy and programme for appropriate interventions.
Fig.: Heart disease
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes are becoming of serious concern, accounting for 52 per cent of deaths and 38 per cent of disease burdenin the WHO South East Asia Region (SEAR).
So dear friends, While mortality due to communicable diseases is decreasing, that for non-communicable diseases is rising at a very rapid pace. The health policy makers are faced with the burden of providing resources for the control and prevention of both the existing communicable diseases, and the increasing number of non-communicable diseases. This becomes difficult since the programmes for prevention and control of communicable diseases drain the meager resources. It is, therefore, not surprising that India has faced a serious handicap while planning and initiating programmes and activities to combat non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
Fig.: ECG (Heart)
CANCER
Research in the field of oncology continued to provide data which would be helpful in the control of cancers and tobacco use. The National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) continued to provide information on cancer occurrence and its trends over time. The data from population based cancer registries show that in 1994, the age adjusted incidence rate in urban registry areas varied between 98.7 and 138.3/100,000 among men and between 108.0 and 143.4 /100,000 among women. The age adjusted incidence rate in rural areas of Barshi (Maharashtra) was 41.1 among men and 56.3 among women.
Fig.: Oral Cancer
Fig.: Ulcerated Basal Cell Carcinoma "Rodent Ulcer" BCC
The cancer registries under the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) have provided since 1982 an idea of the magnitude and patterns of cancer in selected urban centres including one in a rural sector. However, extensive areas remain essentially uncovered and therefore the picture of cancer in several urban centres and rural regions remain largely unknown. India is a vast country with populations having varied cultures, customs and habits.
Different type of Cancer:
DIABETES
Today, diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) that share the same risk factors represent a leading threat to health and human development. An estimated 8 to 14 million people die prematurely every year in developing countries due to preventable NCDs — mainly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases. These people are dying too young as a result of increased exposure to the common risk factors for NCDs: unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use and the harmful use of alcohol.
Fig.: Diabetes patient (Leg)
Diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood. It may be
OPHTHALMOLOGY
National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) was launched in the year 1976 as a 100% centrally sponsored scheme with the goal of reducing the prevalence of blindness to 0.3% by 2020. Rapid Survey on Avoidable Blindness conducted under NPCB during 2006-07 showed reduction in the prevalence of blindness from 1.1% (2001-02) to 1% (2006-07).
Main causes of blindness are as follows: - Cataract (62.6%) Refractive Error (19.70%) Corneal Blindness (0.90%), Glaucoma (5.80%), Surgical Complication (1.20%) Posterior Capsular Opacification (0.90%) Posterior Segment Disorder (4.70%), Others (4.19%) Estimated National Prevalence of Childhood Blindness /Low Vision is 0.80 per thousand.
The Pattern of Assistance for National Programme for Control of Blindness during the 11th Five Year Plan has the approved of Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs. The Pattern of Assistance for the 11th Five Year Plan is effective from 16th October, 2008.
Blindness is an important national problem because it is an important cause of lost DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years).
Fig.: Catract eye disease
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an important cause of preventable blindness. India govt. has initiated two studies on glaucoma, one on epidemiology of glaucoma and other on its management. The project on epidemiology is still continuing while the data collection under the management of glaucoma project has been completed. The data entry and analysis are currently being done at the govt. offices.
So, dear friend I would like to tell u that balance diet and physical exercise is very important for us and prevention is better than cure.
Thank you
Pramod
